The Soldiers on Foot

By ~ Gaurpriya Singh Roy

All capacities of the 7 oceans together wouldn’t be good enough to fit in our gratitude and indebtedness towards the Indian Armed forces. As a whole their greatness, pride, and impeccability are depicted in The Soldiers on Foot, I would be delighted to elucidate with you about the profound infantry regiment of the Indian Army,  One of the largest in the world also anointed as the “Queen of the Battle”. The infantry is the Indian Army’s backbone.

Infantry Day is ascertained in India to commemorate the first military event of Independent India, when the first battalion of the Indian Army’s Sikh regiment fought a battle to defeat the Pakistan Army’s first attack on Indian soil on October 27, 1947, in Kashmir valley, in an attempt to seize Jammu and Kashmir. 

They were part of the team defending Indian territory against Pakistani invaders advancing on Srinagar. Infantry Day 2022 honors the bravery and valor of the Indian soldiers who took part in the difficult mission.

During wars, infantry soldiers bear the main brunt of the damage. These men possess the traits like belligerence, physical fitness, and rigor. With the passage of time, the Indian Army’s infantry units have been modernized, equipped, and trained to rank among the best in the world. 

Bill Mauldin once said, “The surest way to become a pacifist is to join the infantry.” And I think it is justified after the rash decisions the Government exerted during such critical times of 1947, let it be influential political leaders approaching the  UN when India was already on the lines defending its land or let it be the delayed sending of the soldiers to the battlefield or be it declaring cease-fire even when Pakistan disagreed that his soldiers were at line Says the Himalayan blunders an extremely controversial war memoir penned by Brigadier John Dalvi. This book also explains why a Referendum was not Necessary after the Weapons were already taken, even after such missteps

The infantry regime remained fearless and followed orders courteously in 1947, The Sikh regiment’s first battalion landed at the Srinagar airbase. They demonstrated extraordinary courage and strength in thwarting the Pakistan Army’s invasion of Kashmir with the help of tribals. During the first India-Pak war, the Douglas DC-3, also known as the Dakota, transported troops from the Army’s 1 Sikh Regiment to Srinagar, as well as supplies and refugees. This regiment served as a border guard for the Indians. Thus, Infantry Day commemorates the first military event in India.

To vaguely narrate the night of the 26th; Initially, it was decided to send a brigade-level force. However, because the road from Pathankot to Srinagar was in poor condition, the Sikh regiment was flown in by Dakota aircraft. The road was then followed by the brigade-level troop. Around seven Dakota planes were built. Only two of these seven were from the Indian Air Force. The remainder came from private airlines. This included Biju Patnaik’s aircraft (former chief minister of Odisha). The troops were assembled in the middle of the night and airlifted at dawn. Everything was planned in a single night.

At this point, it is not even surprising how flawlessly trained and skilled our Jawans are, appreciating, acknowledging, and admiring their sacrifices and bravery is the only sinch thing we can do; soldiers like Capt Vikram Batra PVC (9 September 1974 – 7 July 1999) late officer of the Indian Army, posthumously awarded with the Param Vir Chakra.

Lieutenant Colonel Dewan Ranjit Rai, commanding the 1st battalion of Sikh Regiment in Gurgaon wherein his role was making arrangements for the refugees, was given the nation’s second highest gallantry award, “Maha Vir Chakra” for his outstanding leadership, fighting spirit, and supreme sacrifice. He became independent India’s first officer to receive the Maha Vir Chakra, he was also called the first shed in independent India.

They forever live among us, and we to date celebrate them through their heart-whelming phrases like “Either I will come back after hoisting the Tricolor, or I will come back wrapped in it. But I’ll be back for sure”

~ Captain Vikram Batra.

“Ye dil maange more”~ Capt. Vikram Batra.

Well-known media platforms as such The all India Radio news also celebrated by tweeting :

The 76th Infantry Day is being celebrated today. It was on this day in 1947 that Infantrymen from #IndianArmy, led by 1 SIKH, landed at Srinagar Airfield and saved J&K from a ruthless and treacherous Pakistani invasion.#infantryday

Respect and pay tribute to the valiant Indian infantry soldiers who fought and were martyred to save the nation and its people during the Pakistan Army’s invasion of Kashmir during the period of independence. This year marks the 76th Infantry Day for the Indian Army and we humbly and truly honor them very mundanely through this glorious day.

Where there is HOPE

By: Gaurpriya Singh Roy

Life is a beautiful journey full of ups and downs, a journey to cherish and thrive. For many, it is a storm to pass, and for a few, it’s an exquisite voyage to adore. it’s all about the way you look at it, a game of perspective many fail to understand; yet everyone seems to have their unique point of view towards it, so it is fitting to say that life may mean so much to many and so little to some.

It is a tremendous joy to those who look up to life to be so gratifying, but it is a pity for those who don’t value it and dismiss it or attempt to throw it away.
People need to understand that there is always hope and life has so much more meaning to it than what they credit it for and throwing away life is not a solution but a poor escape that will only lead to further suffering of their close once, there is a great saying by Ain Eineziz, “you have been given this life because you are strong enough to live it”, this inspiring quote enlightens us on why we precisely have an entire week dedicated to aware and lend a shoulder to those who require us and let them know suicide is avertable.

World Suicide Prevention Day aims to raise awareness that suicide is preventable, improve suicide education, disseminate information about suicide awareness, and reduce suicide stigma.

It is conducted on the 10th of September every year since 2003 by the initiative of the International Association for Suicide Prevention (IASP) and co-sponsored by the World Health Organization (WHO).

Each year, a different theme to focus on is chosen to shed light upon a different aspect of suicide prevention. This year’s theme, which will continue until 2023, is ‘Creating Hope Through Action,’ which aims to reassure people experiencing suicidal thoughts that there is hope and that we care about and want to support them.

World Suicide Prevention Day is a day to reflect on the importance of life and to remember that no matter how bad things appear, there is always hope. Many people know an individual who has committed suicide or who has lost a friend or family member to suicide, We can prevent this loss by raising awareness on this day. It also serves as a reminder to society that consistent and increasing advocacy for mental health resources is required so that people suffering from mental illnesses can get the help they require.

You as a reliable individual can be a Ray of hope to someone suffering by just Reaching out to them, who may require assistance. Certain behaviors are widely recognized as indicators of suicidal ideation. We can all learn the warning signs of suicidal intent so that we can intervene early.

Discussing this issue is an important first step toward ridding society of the notion that mental health issues should be kept hidden. On World Suicide Prevention Day, organize or simply attend a panel discussion about how mental health issues intensify suicidal thoughts.

The insights and stories of people who have lived through suicide can also be extremely powerful in helping others understand suicide and encouraging people to reach out for help, as well as individuals to reach out for help themselves, and the most important of them all is to ‘Look for resources,’ there is a wealth of resources for people to learn more about the causes of suicide and how to prevent it. Numerous books, films, and events are available online that can point you in the right direction. As it is said, “Knowledge not only gives you power but can also save your life”.

We fixate too much on the past/future and disregard the present, Age, health, illness, pain, and the influence of a substance or medication are all merely physical factors. Personality, beliefs, expectations, emotions, and mental health are all emotional and personal factors, Life experiences include family, culture, friends, and life events; How you put all these factors to use and the POV you determine to give is that all that matters in the end.

Arrey Forest: Native Environment vs Rigid Headway

By: Gaurpriya Singh Roy

“The Earth has enough resources for our need but not for our greed.”

This most often quoted phrase by Mathma Gandhi depicts his concern for nature and the environment, which initially gives a warm idea of how he envisioned the future generations to tend Mother Nature. Through the eyes of a man whose primary focus is development, it is condescending to believe he would even consider the existence of nature, wildlife, or anything that disturbs or is an obstacle to his developing habitat.

Let’s talk politically. 

In 1991, in his budget speech, finance minister Manmohan Singh declared: “We cannot deforest our way to prosperity, and we cannot pollute our way to prosperity”. These were his prescient words. While India had strong environmental legislation even in the pre-1991 era – the Wildlife (Protection) Act of 1972, Water Act of 1974, Forest (Conservation) Act of 1980, Air Act of 1981, and the Environment (Protection) Act of 1986 – this ‘Environment vs Growth’ debate has become much more salient in post-reform India. 

For instance, problems, and thus environmental issues, have entered the mainstream. As the pressure on the environment has increased with development, environmentalism has evolved from an ‘elite’ issue discussed in seminars and conferences to a real issue affecting people’s daily lives, health, and livelihoods. Consider the water table declines and extended droughts in Vidarbha and Bundelkhand. 

For example, water logging in Punjab’s Malwa region has harmed the livelihoods of over 2 lakh farmers, or the pollution caused by unrestricted mining and thermal power generation using low-quality coal in Chandrapur, Maharashtra which causes 10,000 people to become ill with respiratory conditions each year. Also, considering the pollution of the Ganga, where effluent and sewage treatment capacity cannot treat even half of the flow. 

Second, there has been a surge in organized environmental advocacy. The Rio Convention (1992), the Kyoto Protocol (1997), and the subsequent ritual of annual climate change summits culminating in the Paris Agreement (2015) have elevated the environment’s global profile. In India, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have used Public Interest Litigation (PILs) and Right to Information (RTI) as practical effective tools for mobilizing action. As a result, no self-respecting government can now be accused of being soft or insensitive to environmental issues, at least in rhetoric.

Third, judicial activism has gained traction. The Supreme Court established a quasi-judicial body called the “Central Empowered Committee” (CEC) in 2002 to “monitor the implementation of the Hon’ble Court’s orders and place reports of non-compliance before the Court” concerning forestry issues, giving the committee broad powers. Since then, CEC has been an active watchdog on forestry issues, working quietly and efficiently. In popular perception, it was judicial action that forced the government to convert the entire fleet of buses in Delhi to CNG in 2001. A series of impromptu interventions by the court culminated in establishing a National Green Tribunal in 2011 as a professional empowered judicial body to adjudicate environmental and forestry-related cases.

As a result of these developments, the latest fad is “balancing” growth and environmental protection. This is a breath of fresh air in vocabulary. But have we discovered the proper mechanisms for striking such a balance? 

Not yet: Environmental issues are hotly debated, from the Sardar Sarovar Dam to the Jaitapur Nuclear Power Plant to Kanpur’s polluting tanneries. Over the last few years, the National Green Tribunal has heard over 1,600 cases, which is only the tip of the iceberg.

Thus, at what cost do we proceed with our buildout? 

Toward a brighter future for the upcoming generations to look at should be our prime focus rather than handing them a world full of concrete and rust, we should keep our center of attention towards providing them with a new and nourishing environment where their minds and body thrive with health and joy rather than forcing them into a world where they know no humble but only brutal growth. 

Seeking asylum is a human right

By – Vishal Agarwal

“Give me your tired, your poor, your huddled masses yearning to breathe free.”
— Emma Lazarus

India hosts more than two lakh refugees and is at the centre of refugee movements in the South Asian region. It has been a home to refugees from numerous neighbouring countries.

Since India’s independence and partition, it has had an influx of migrants from its neighbours, and this incident is not pertinent to the partition of India. The issue of the economic burden India has to bear and the significant demographic changes brought about by this inflow were frequently raised. In addition to economic and demographic problems, the refugee crisis also endangers India’s security. The legal demands of migrants, internally displaced people, and refugees have all been controlled by existing laws, although this has not yet been formally acknowledged. Although the matter has been partially addressed by current law and court involvement, there are still significant obstacles to resolving the bigger issue. Existing domestic laws regulating foreign nationals’ entry, stay and exit in normal circumstances are inadequate to deal with refugees. In the absence of domestic law for refugees and asylum seekers, there should be a domestic protocol on their status, assigning specific responsibilities to specific agencies. This will ensure prompt response and enhance accountability.

India follows the principle of dualism when it comes to Refugees; that is, international law is not directly applicable domestically and must be implemented through law by Parliament. But in the light of current international situations, we need to review the current scenario from a legal and humanitarian perspective. It is high time that a proper legal framework is set up for the same!
Refugees and illegal immigration are also two distinct concepts. However, both groups are treated equally under Indian law because of the Foreigners Act of 1946.

An individual seeking international protection from persecution is called an asylum seeker, and a country may grant refugee status to an asylum seeker. But sadly, there is no clear definition in India regarding this! Moreover, India is not a party to the 1951 Refugee Convention and its 1967 Protocol – vital legal documents about refugee protection in International Law. As a result, the government’s policies and solutions to address these problems lack clarity and policy value. This leads to India’s refugee policy being guided primarily by ad hocism! This enables the government in office to pick and choose ‘what kind’ of refugees it wants to admit for political or geopolitical reasons. This is sad; ultimately, the refugees end up suffering.

However, India has signed numerous Human Rights Instruments that articulate a commitment to the protection of Refugees. India is a party to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) 1948 and has joined the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) -1966 and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR)- 1966 since 1979. India is also a signatory to -the convention on eliminating all forms of Radical Discrimination (CRED in 1965), which ensures equal human rights to all human beings without discrimination.

Moreover, Article 51(c) of the Indian constitution directs the state to respect and uphold International Law. Keeping all this in mind, we can say that a Refugee law has been awaited for a long time.
With the recent enactment of the Citizenship Amendment Act, 2019 (CAA), India further fails to address the real issue of refugees and exclusively addresses the issues of illegal immigrants, which are not the same as refugees. Furthermore, the CAA act goes against the basic principles of our democracy, like equality and religious non-discrimination enshrined in the constitution!

With traditional knowledge and values, progressive nations and economic behemoths like India might function as impetuses for international aid and asylum management.

By passing national refugee legislation, India may better calibrate its treatment of asylum claims in light of the global humanitarian and economic crises.

The Curious Case of Dynasties in Democracy

By – Diya Ramani

“Most democracies are dynastic; some are more dynastic than others.”

A quick glimpse of the newspapers of the past month would be enough to conclude that the island country Sri Lanka is facing one of the worst economic crises ever witnessed. And while this crisis is a result of various complex factors, it is the Rajapaksa family who is  being blamed for wreaking havoc. For the past 20 years, the Rajapaksa family has had a dominant presence in Sri Lankan politics.  Hence they certainly cannot escape the blame for running a dynastic setup. It is a classic case study to analyze the relation between political dynasties and democracy. But it isn’t the only country to witness this oxymoron; in fact, it is rare that democracies and dynasties don’t share this peculiar relationship. 

Thousands of years ago, Indian king Dhritarashtra, blinded by the affection for his son, named Duryodhana his heir instead of Yudhishthira. And now here we are – a democratic 21st century nation with modern and meritocratic ethos. Or are we? A dozen dynastic families right from Kashmir, Punjab, Bihar, and Maharashtra to Telangana  get elected “democratically” and control all the levers of power. And this takes place in the world’s largest democratic country! Dynastic succession in a democratic nation is a strange irony. Democracy entitles its citizens to choose their leaders based on their capability and achievements. Hence  the very survival of the dynasty seems unlikely. So, how does a dynastic succession last in a democratic country? Why do the people seem so accepting of it? Isn’t such a set-up detrimental to the nation? 

According to an article published by Washington University, political dynasties offer a “brand name advantage”. Be it the Gandhis or the Kennedys, the successors of the family do usually enjoy the power of the name they carry. In the same paper, it was noted that essential indicators like past experience or fundraising for campaigns don’t act as a major differentiating factor between candidates, thus emphasizing the fact that caliber is sometimes side-lined due to the “brand name” advantage.  Moreover, in an imperfect ecosystem where a common man  faces the inability to perform complex analysis of various important factors for selecting a leader –  like job creation, economy, party agenda, etc. –  citizens will retract to finding a familiar and reliable face instead. This natural instinct only gives further rise to political dynasties. 

Another reason for the existence of political dynasties is the experience, mentorship and exposure of the past generation in a political climate. When a politician succeeds, they want their successors to not only reap the benefits of their work, but also continue their legacy. This “inherited incumbency advantage” acts as a primary factor for successors to continue in this profession. And the perks provided by the State to an elected official do play the role of the perfect cherry on the cake.  Statistics from a recent research paper back this fact. According to the paper, the chances of an individual choosing the same occupation as his father is about 5 times. In politics, the odds turned out to be a humongous 110 times. But, democracy is not binary-it is a continuum. Hence, it becomes important to analyze the gradient of the existence of political dynasties all over the world. One also wonders whether a more developed society will be more vigilant towards their extant. Starting with India, although the expectation would have been that political dynasties are on the verge of extinction given that this was one of the primary reasons that the ruling party came into power, such is not the case. Research suggests that the seats occupied by dynasts were 9% more in the Lok Sabha in 2019 compared to 2014. Such examples are seen all over the world as well. The Bush family in America, Trudeaus of Canada, Bismarck’s of Germany, Archer family of Australia, and the Park dynasty of South Korea are very few examples of political families existing in democratic nations. Dynasties are more prevalent in developing countries, election systems that are “candidate-centered”   and where the process of choosing candidates within parties is delegated to local players. But, while their influence might alter over the spectrum, it is still omnipresent. This proves that the dynast-democracy relation is a prominent and ubiquitous one, although its influence varies across countries.  

Now, let’s revert to our case study of Sri Lanka. If political dynasties are indeed ubiquitous, then what went wrong in Sri Lanka? Such dynasties come with their own huge list of cons especially in a democratic set-up since they stand against the moral principles of democracy. But no nation has seen its wrath the way Sri Lanka has. Emergency has been declared in the nation with the inflation reaching 50%, the health system being on the verge of complete breakdown and the country being declared bankrupt. It all started in 2009 when Mahinda Rajapaksa was elected as President and was hailed as a hero by the majority Sinhalese for ending the nearly 30-year civil war. With time, more members of the Rajapaksa clan began to hold major political offices, with Mahinda assuming the role of the patriarch of this dynasty. While the Rajapaksas were accused of grave human rights violations, prejudice against minorities, and assaults on media, the Sinhala majority turned a blind eye to the injustices for several years. It is a classic case – when democracy within political parties is in danger and identity politics takes over other important agendas, it gives birth to a class of politicians both entitled and incompetent. And when actions of political dynasties go unchecked by the voters and are not contested adequately by a strong opposition, the incentive to work for the actual well-being and development no longer exists. This results in a catastrophe. 

Political dynasties will exist in the future as well. Although they oppose what democracy stands for, it is in human nature to promote such a compromise. However, people cannot afford to blindly have faith in a family just because of a name. The opposition also shall raise awareness when dynasties reach a point of comfort. It is indeed a tightrope to walk on, but a vigilant population is the only way to prevent this rope from snapping. 

References

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228256474_The_Dynasty_Advantage_Family_Ties_in_Congressional_Elections

Click to access sid_dynasties_draft_29jan2019.pdf

Dynastic politics: BJP feeds the monster while claiming to spear it

https://blog.finology.in/recent-updates/rise-and-fall-of-rajapaksa-family

https://scroll.in/article/829588/most-political-parties-in-india-are-dynastic-but-some-are-more-dynastic-than-others

https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-61411532

https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-61295238

Kejriwal – A Man Of Systems

By – Jayishnu Agarwal

The Punjab elections gave India its most successful political startup, making its supremo Arvind Kejriwal one of the most influential and powerful people in India, leaving behind its opponents, clearly becoming the only one to be at least on the same track on its march to the finish line of the 2024 elections.

Kejriwal, an ex-Italian and civil servant, is one of the most educated and learned IItians in the country. He has worked in every system that exists and aspires to change the lives of people in this country, from corporate jobs to NGOs to policymaking. Arvind had been a part of every system, but his constant drive was to change the system. From his days in Parivartan to joining India against corruption, he has blatantly rallied against every political party and ideology and has had a phenomenal role in bringing the importance of the right to information to the public light. 

Arvind’s movement against corruption brought the entire country together, from politicians to writers, actors, businessmen, and even high-profile civil servants, rallying behind him, eventually bringing the Sheila Dixit government in Delhi down. He formed his own party that represented the plight of the common people and called it the Aam Aadmi Party to fight the Delhi elections. He claimed that his party would follow a democratic process, not make individuals into cult figures, promising to be grounded and not include corrupt people in the party, the one thing against which he fought and found his name popular among people. He promised to use the Maruti Wagon, a symbol of the middle class refusing to even have security. Eventually, he even won the elections and formed a government in coalition with the Congress, vowing to pass the Jan Lokpal bill that would make government officials accountable for their work, failing which he even resigned on a record day. He was loved by people for his integrity and was again unanimously elected with a thumping majority in the coming Delhi elections.

He suffered a huge setback when his party members, namely Prashant Bhushan and Yogendra Yadav, left the party, which later only cemented his place in the party as the party supremo. He became very popular among young people. His image of a learned, secular, and welfare-oriented administrator screamed for a change in the system that the young had long awaited. He began well, with his policy affecting the lives of the poorest of the poor. He aspired to make new schools and change the existing ones, including the happiness subject, for which he was appreciated across party lines. He seemed a little different from the other politicians who cared for the people and not a career politician who had joined politics to just raise his ranks.

However, things started changing as Kejriwal’s aspirations grew. It began with the onset of the 2017 Punjab elections. Kejriwal started doing things that every ordinary politician did, cemented his position in the party, and removed the rule that limited the number of times a member could be elected president. Next, he started promising things that were neither feasible for the economy nor able to be delivered. With this, he was stuck in a web of lies from which he never came out. He openly lied about the number of jobs delivered, and the number of buses installed, and also lied about the water supply facilities for which he had sold the dream. Even his closest friends in politics left him and were on record accusing him of escalating a riot in Punjab to win an election. 

In an interview, he went so far as to question the integrity of the RTI act. His politics now seemed to be that of a football match where he was just passing the blame and moving forward, playing the victim card time and again to gain public sympathy. He went so deep into vote bank politics that his image of a secular leader now seemed like that of a tourist agent offering free religious travel to the people of his state. After gaining complete control of the police in the state of Punjab, he started using his powers to threaten his opponents in the state of Delhi, misusing the public services as a private entity to silence his critics. So much irony for a person who has made his way up to criticising every other politician that has existed in the country. His party members were found guilty of rioting while he was outright defending them. Both the big riots that happened in Delhi in the last few years had AAP leaders at the helm of affairs while the party was still defending them.

The major problem I have with him is that he seemed like a change, a strong force in the political system that would change it forever, but now he seems like every other politician that has ever existed in the country; the same old people that have rotted the public system; a person who could go to any lengths for his personal gains. His actions have not only damaged his reputation but have made sure that no politician is born of a revolt against the system because of the living testimonials that he has provided. He has also crushed the hopes of every little youngster that wanted to join politics because of the dream they were sold off, and the idea that you could change India still remains a distant dream. Nevertheless, it has cemented the one belief that stands the test of time: that in India, politics is not for the common man and that the name “Aam Aadmi Party” is the biggest irony that has ever been in the modern politics of India. 

Our Monuments: What do they symbolise?

By – Anirudh Garg

On your first trip to the Taj Mahal, you would have been itched to click a picture of yourself trying to hold the monument from its tip, obviously imitating to do so from a distance and not actually grasping it. Well, it is nothing short of a ritual for any tourist visiting the Taj Mahal. While a few theories without a head or a tail try to justify that Shah Jahan chopped the hands of the labourers of the Mahal, the monument still holds immense significance in the Indian heritage.

Often termed as a symbol of love, Taj Mahal depicts the great architectural mastery Indians had from the very beginning. Today, the state-of-the-art monument is the prime tourist attraction and contributes a major chunk to Indian tourism.

While most of the monuments were built in the pre-historic and pre-democratic times, the latest addition to the Indian collection came into existence in 2018. Inaugurated by the Prime Minister of India, the Statue of Unity, as its name suggests, symbolises unity. However, the reason behind its formation stands questionable because of its high cost. If economists are to be believed, the statue will continue recovering the revenue from its building cost in many decades to come.

A fact that is not new to any Indian is that our country preserves the most diverse cultures and heritages. The beautiful and visionary monuments built by the former rulers epitomize Indian culture and exude great Indian architecture. Other than their beauty, they also bring a sarcastic side to our notice. Being built centuries ago with minimal resources, the monuments still hold their structure strong to date. However, the infrastructure developed today using high-tech resources, doesn’t take a lot of effort and time to break down.

The Indian capital, New Delhi, and its neighbouring regions are a hub of historic monuments of great importance and pride. On one hand, Qutub Minar symbolizes victory, on the other hand, Lal Qila(Red Fort) is often seen as a symbol of rebellion. The Red Fort, for that matter, is a very important building for the Indian constitution as the nation’s Prime Minister hoists the national flag on it every Independence day. The ritual is being followed since our first Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru, performed the same on the Lahori Gate of the Red Fort.

Monuments play a crucial role in preserving a nation’s heritage and culture. Coming from different backgrounds, the citizens feel connected to each other’s culture through a glimpse of the historic structures. From Konark Temple in Odisha to The Gateway Of India in Mumbai and from Taj Mahal in Agra to the iconic temples in southern India, every memorial glorifies various cultures of our country. From depicting love to victory and from science to harmony, Indian architecture covers all bases making India a truly great country.

Same-Sex Marriage: A look at India’s progress

By:- Viraaj Kumar Kulshreshtha

India is known worldwide for our reverence, respect, and tendency to have large and extravagant weddings. Yet, a portion of our population has been denied the right to have their union constitutionally recognized. Same-sex marriage is one of the most contentious issues and is not limited to India.
It has been one of the issues at the forefront of the culture war between political parties. Unfortunately, in many cases, it is also the cause that political parties unanimously stand against. It is then imperative that we look at and review India’s progress regarding its treatment of non-cis-hetero-conforming individuals.
The landmark decision decriminalizing same-sex marriage after the Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India case made India among the last significant countries to reach this point. However, this wasn’t an easy road for the LGBTQIA+ community, forcing them to fight for their fundamental rights for the longest time.
However, activists supporting the LGBTQIA+ community have long been active in India. In 1992, the first protest for gay rights in India after independence was held. It was a protest against the then prevalent practise of police harassing and detaining men suspected of homosexuality.

In 2007, Article 377 was recognized by the Delhi High Court to be a violation of the Fundamental Right to Life granted to a person, along with a few other legal prohibitions. As a result of this ruling, combined with the High Court ruling applied to Pan India, the Ministry of Home Affairs expressed its opposition to the decriminalization of homosexuality in 2012, followed by a complete stance reversal by the ministry a few days after they initially expressed their opposition.
Amongst the women’s rights activists, Kiran Bedi is often cited as the person who broke many barriers for women to enter male-dominated fields. Unfortunately, when it came to the LGBTQIA+ community, it seemed as if she was setting up obstacles for other marginalized groups in society. When LGBTQIA+ activists requested the inmates be educated and provided with preventative measures for AIDS, Kiran Bedi strongly opposed it and threatened increased surveillance of the suspected gay detainees.
In December 2015, a bill to repeal Article 377 was raised but was rejected by a majority of the house against the bill. Following this, there were many organized movements for LGBTQIA+ rights in almost every subsequent year leading up to the 2018 decision to repeal the article. Even the supposedly progressive UPA alliance made itself one of the biggest roadblocks throughout the journey to repealing the article.
This is just the preamble to the main concern at hand, the legalization, and acknowledgement of gay marriage in India. Given the present scenario, what is highly outdated and causes a hurdle for same-sex marriage legalization in India is the different marriage acts for each major religion. Activists have been fighting for a uniform civil code for a really long time. When in 2018, the ruling party BJP, showed its support, there was a glimmer of hope that this might pave the way for the amendment of marriage acts to include LGBTQIA+ people.
Unsurprisingly, it was evident that the only goal of the proposal was to cause communal strife when in 2020, the union minister clarified that same-sex marriage was not even in consideration for the proposal. The legal battles started as soon as 2018 with the Shakti Vahini v. Union of India, where it was argued that a consenting adult has the choice of who to marry despite their gender.
The court, however, ruled in a vague manner, which activists say might be interpreted as a pseudo recognition under the Special Marriage Act after joint reading. There were three significant cases in 2020 which were all dismissed by the Union Government –
1.Abhijit Iyer Mitra & Ors v. Union of India;
2.Dr Kavita Arora & Anr v. Union of India; and
3.Vaibhav Jain & Anr v. Union of India.
In January 2021, it was stated that the government had to focus more on the pandemic being a bigger problem. This response was infuriating and somewhat ironic when one considers the incompetency and the inability displayed by the government once the second wave hit India. It is pretty evident that the government was deliberating on the pandemic when in 2020, a bill to set up a central council for homeopathy, a known pseudo-science, was promulgated.
Besides the hurdles mentioned above, there were plenty of minor hurdles that the community as a whole had to overcome. The first amongst these was the presence of misinformation being spread to the public thanks to various social media networks and other forms of media. One of the biggest threats to the existence of homosexuality in rural India is honor killing, where the children are killed by their families if they commit an act that brings “shame” to them. The acts range from inter-caste marriage, homosexuality, or even wearing jeans.
There is an additional layer of misogyny while talking about women and girls as it brings into the context that women are statistically more likely to be victims of crimes such as Honour Killing. On a smaller scale, the disproportionate acts that affect women, such as using gender essentialist language, discouraging inter-caste marriage, or talking about how they should dress, also negatively affect any progress made in LGBTQIA+ rights.
There are two ways to approach these micro and macro issues. We can either use a top-down or bottom-up approach where we change laws or the minds of the masses. However, coming from the top is easier because amending and changing laws has a trickle-down effect and has been successful worldwide. While only one of them would not be enough to ensure a smooth transition into an age of acceptance, as we direct more resources to fight the unjust laws, we also need to slowly change the populace’s view through positive representation in the media.
Even if this seems like an uphill struggle, we need to fight to the top, and if any group is shown to persevere throughout the ages, it is the people of the LGBTQIA+ community. It is also important to remember the progress we have achieved to fuel our future battles. We see an apparent increase in public acceptance of same-sex marriage from 29% in a 2015 poll to 44% in 2021.
We should also be proud of and secure the better treatment of transgender people even when compared to supposedly developed countries like the United States of America or the UK.
Compared to these countries, a country like ours can study and review the laws and the subsequent progress of other countries, amalgamating them to form the best possible environment for members of the LGBTQIA+ community, helping them to feel more comfortable in their skin. It is always helpful for us to be hopeful that same-sex marriage, conversion therapy bans, and adoption rights issues are only looked at in retrospect in the next couple of years.

Caption – India is known worldwide for our reverence, respect, and tendency to have large, extravagant weddings. Still, a portion of our population has been denied the right to have their union constitutionally recognized. Same-sex marriage is one of the most contentious issues and is not limited to India. Over the years, there have been many cases that have been important for the LGBTQ+ Community. Join us as we go over India’s progress when it comes to Same-Sex marriage.

On post: Same-sex marriage is one of the most contentious issues and is not limited to India. It has been one of the issues at the forefront of the culture war between political parties. It is then imperative that we look at and review India’s progress regarding its treatment of non-cis-hetero-conforming individuals.

One World, One Heart, One Pride

By: Gaurpriya Singh Roy

“Loving yourself is the greatest revolution,” proven by the LGBTQ+ community just by doing the most mundane thing: fighting for love, 

Love-a language misunderstood and mistaken. Hence, the month of pride brings to us the opportunity to know and explore the lengths of magnitude people have gone to for the sake of love.

Many consider the month of pride to just mean the celebration of sexuality, but Pride Month is an entire month dedicated to the uplifting of LGBTQ voices, a celebration of LGBTQ culture, and the support of LGBTQ rights. Throughout June, nationwide, there have traditionally been parades, protests, drag performances, live theatre, memorials, and celebrations of life for members of the community who lost their lives to HIV/AIDS. It is part political activism, part celebration of all the LGBTQ community has achieved over the years. Hence, the community knows the actual struggle for this piece of joy acquired.

Over the years, celebrating Pride has grown, not just in numbers within the LGBTQ community but also in popularity. This is wonderful but also presents a few problems. While people stand by watching corporations selectively jump on the bandwagon for a few weeks, the LGBTQ community has to live the truth and support each other all year long.

The month is a monograph of mixed emotions, perspectives, and celebrations—celebrations of not only emotions but also of people, their struggles and joys; mourning their losses and applauding their accomplishments. Although in reality, just a month could never be enough to acknowledge the profundity of joy and sorrow, this one month does sure serve its initial purpose of spreading awareness. ‘The biggest idealism about pride is about hope’, The purpose of this commemorative month is to recognize the impact that lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender individuals have had on history locally, nationally, and internationally.

They say LGBT people are not people, they are just an ideology. Living in a place where people are dehumanized, we, as individuals, community or not, have to find ways to help, support, and fight for basic rights.

In conclusion, to me, pride refers to the freedom of expressing one’s true self—one that has been masquerading beneath government policies fuelled by orthodox societal norms—specifically those about homophobia—for a very long time. Pride Month and celebrations aren’t just about watching drag queens throw t-shirts from a float or buying items with a rainbow on them. Pride matters for many reasons beyond this and is much more than a few events in the summer. Activists and campaigners have certainly played a crucial role in bringing about what can be seen as a major turn of events in terms of the increasing numbers of egalitarian and human rights cuts across communities throughout the globe. It means celebrating the victories of what the community has achieved so far and also a revolt against what we’re still being deprived of. Thus, pride is and will be a ceaseless fight.

Pride and Disprejudice

By: Dibyan Goswami

“Genders are like twin towers, earlier there were two but now it’s just a sensitive subject”. This is exactly what is wrong with our perception of gender, gender in itself is not a sensitive or confusing subject but it is our arrogance that makes it so. The fact is straight-forward, gender is not a discrete spectrum but rather a continuous spectrum of human identities. It is nothing to be afraid of or to be disgusted with but rather a change that should be welcomed with warmth as it is this change of gender identity that accommodates fellow humans as humans.

Disagreers would often say how earlier there was no mention of LGBTQ ever and gender was binary. But that’s exactly where we go wrong, if we were to broaden the time upto which our “earlier” extended, that is, if we go back to the ancient world, there was never any mention of LGBTQ because there was no concept of heterosexual or homosexual relationships. There was no “us” and “them”, it was only “us” and it was all about loving who one liked. In fact, same sex-relationships were highly common in Mesopotamia. In ancient Mesopotamia, god Enki is said to have created a third-gender as servants for his daughter, thus, the non-binary gender was recognised thousands of years ago as the third gender. The Almanac of Incantations contains prayers for both opposite and same-sex marriage proving how gods even blessed same-sex relationships.

Records dating back to 600 BCE refer to same sex-relationships in China where it was believed that the upper class lover would dignify the lower class lover, bringing prosperity into his life. Chinese literature is home to several poems and anecdotes on same-sex relationships, one of these known as “the cut sleeve” tells how emperor Ai was resting with his lover Dong Xian who had fallen asleep on Ai’s robe. Instead of waking up Dong Xian, emperor Ai instead cut off his sleeve so that his lover could sleep peacefully and went to attend court in a disheveled state. Isn’t this a very wholesome story? There is nothing wrong in bringing back a tradition that can be home to thousands of such wholesome stories.

Back in 1250 BCE, the Indian law code, Manusmriti treats both same-sex and oppsite-sex relationships equally and the Kama Sutra references the third gender too. While the third gender (Hijra) is marginalized in present day India, there is nothing in ancient scriptures that marginalizes them. Our culture is undoubtedly one of the richest cultures in the world and we should be proud of it. While we talk of returning to our traditional values, it is still a taboo to talk about same-sex relationships. While the ancient Indian culture never stigmatized same-sex relationships and transgenders, “modern-day” Indian culture does, surprisingly, same-sex relationships in India were made illegal by a colonial era law establised by the Britishers. Now, in modern-day British culture, same-sex relationships are being welcomed as an indication of a more “modern”, self-aware and educated society. Irony lies in the fact that our society was always more welcoming and wholesome for the third gender and same-sex relationsips.

Thus, talks about pride month shouldn’t really trigger us or make us feel uncomfortable, rather they should act as a reminder of our ancient culture that made India the richest country at one point of time, home to the strongest empires and housing the most diverse and rich culture. Hence, as an Indian we should proudly talk about same-sex relationships and rights for the LGBTQ+ community. In the end, it is all about loving who you like as love knows no gender.